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阜康荒漠绿洲土地利用景观格局,受自然分异和水土资源开发利用程度的制约,通过划分景观样带和选取景观空间格局指标,本文重点揭示该区域景观格局的变化及其影响因子.结果表明:(1)1987年至1998年间阜康土地利用景观格局变化主要表现为耕地面积在洪积扇上增加,在冲积平原上下降;荒地则刚好相反.林地面积在低山丘陵带和洪积扇带下降,在冲积平原上没有变化.牧草地面积在低山丘陵带上升,其它各带均下降.城镇面积在各样带上都有所增加,水域各带基本不变.(2)低山丘陵带和洪积扇带景观多样性和均匀度下降,优势度上升;而冲积平原则多样性和均匀度上升,优势度下降..景观破碎度有增加的趋势,表明了人为影响的不断增强.(3)阜康荒漠绿洲景观格局的变化,集中体现在位于洪积扇与冲积平原的耕地和荒地面积变动上,关键影响因子是水土资源利用下的水盐动态变化.地形和土地利用是影响地下水位变化的关键因素,而地下水位的连续变化又影响了土壤水盐在空间的分布.
The landscape pattern of land use in the desert oasis of Fukang is restricted by the natural differentiation and the degree of development and utilization of water and land resources. By dividing the landscape transect and selecting the index of landscape spatial pattern, this paper focuses on revealing the change of the landscape pattern and its influencing factors in this area. : (1) The change of landscape pattern of land use in Fukang from 1987 to 1998 mainly showed that the area of arable land increased in alluvial fan, decreased in alluvial plain, and the wasteland was just the opposite. The area of forest land in the hilly region and alluvial fan With the decline in the alluvial plain did not change the pasture area in the hilly belt rose, the other with the decline in all areas of the town have increased in all zones, the water zone with the basic unchanged (2) low mountains The diversity and evenness of landscapes decreased in hilly belt and alluvial fan belt, and the degree of dominance increased; while in alluvial plain, the diversity and uniformity increased, and the dominance decreased. The degree of landscape fragmentation tended to increase, indicating an increasing human influence . (3) The changes of the landscape pattern of the desert oasis in Fukang are mainly reflected in the changes in the area of cultivated land and wasteland located in the alluvial fan and alluvial plain. The key influencing factors are the water and salt movement under the utilization of water and soil resources The topography and land use are the key factors affecting the variation of groundwater table, and the continuous variation of groundwater table affects the distribution of soil water and salt in space.