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本文以山东为例,结合地方志史料,对明代地方城市的坛庙建筑制度进行分析。明代地方城市的坛庙建筑可以分为坛壝与祠庙,坛壝又分为社稷坛、风云雷雨山川坛与厉坛;祠庙则可分为官祀祠庙与民祀祠庙,前者包括城隍庙、关王庙、八蜡庙、旗纛庙与马神庙;后者包括真武庙、东岳庙、火神庙与三官庙等。这些坛庙的建筑制度与明代地方城市的府、州、县三种等级之间有一定的对应关系,本文分析了这种对应关系,并试图证明其中存在“城市保护神”的城市理念。
Taking Shandong as an example, this article analyzes the system of Tan Temple in local cities in the Ming Dynasty in combination with the historical materials of local history. The temple buildings of local cities in the Ming Dynasty can be divided into altars and temples. The altar is divided into the altar, the thunderstorm mountains and the altar; the temples can be divided into official worship temples and folk sacrificial temples, the former includes Chenghuang Temple, Guanwang Temple, Ba wax Temple, Qionglai Temple and Ma Temple; the latter includes Zhenwu Temple, Dongyue Temple, Fire Temple and San Guan Temple. The architecture of these altar temples has certain correspondence with the prefecture, prefecture and county levels in the Ming Dynasty. This paper analyzes the corresponding relationship and tries to prove that there exists the concept of “city god” .