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“人的本质并不是单个人所固有的抽象物。在共现实性上,它是一切社会关系的总和。”——马克思:《关于费尔巴哈的提纲》马克思的这两句话,是我们研究和评价历史人物的总的原则。但是,历史现象纷繁复杂,历史人物千差万别,怎样才能根据马克思的这一原则,透过纷繁复杂的历史现象,勾勒千差万别的历史人物的面貌,揭示其所反映的历史的本质,这是史学工作者时时感到繁难、棘手的课题。在这方面,何兹全先生的论文集《读史集》(上海人民出版社1982年4月第1版),给我们提供了很有启发的尝试。
“The essence of man is not an abstraction inherent in a single person, but in total co-reality it is the sum of all social relations.” - Marx: “The Outline of Feuerbach” Marx’s two sentences are We study and evaluate the general principles of historical figures. However, the historical phenomena are complicated and the historical figures are vastly different. How can we outline the historical features reflected by the numerous and varied historical phenomena according to this principle of Marxism and reveal the essence of the history it reflects? This is what historians Always feel difficult, difficult task. In this regard, Mr. He Zijuan’s essay “Reading History” (Shanghai People’s Publishing House, April 1982, first edition) gives us a very inspiring attempt.