按照国际法和国际惯例 ,侵略国有责任对被侵略国进行赔偿 ,而日本却最终逃脱了对侵华战争应负的政府赔偿责任。笔者认为 ,冷战是日本逃脱政府赔偿的根本原因。表现为 ,冷战之前盟国对轴心国的态度和《波茨坦公告》为日本逃避侵华战争政府赔偿埋下了祸根 ,而苏联对日作战后对中国东北的掠夺又成为中国政府对日索赔问题的障碍 ;东西方对峙下的中国内战、越南革命、朝鲜战争使国际关系 ,尤其是中、美、日之间的关系发生了变化 ,使日本在侵华战争政府赔偿问题上有了回旋余地并从中渔利 ;冷战时期国际形势的发展使中国政府放弃了对日政府的赔偿要求 In accordance with international law and international practice, the aggressor state had the responsibility to compensate the invading nation, while Japan eventually escaped the responsibility of the government responsible for the invasion of China. The author believes that the Cold War is the root cause of Japan’s escape from government compensation. The attitude of the Allies before the Cold War to the Axis Powers and the Potsdam Proclamation have laid the foundation for Japan’s efforts to evade compensation for the invasion of China. The Soviet Union’s post-war plunder of northeast China has become the issue of the Chinese government’s claim against Japan Obstacles; the civil war under the confrontation between China and the West, the Vietnamese revolution and the Korean War have changed the relations among the international relations, especially China, the United States and Japan, leaving Japan with room for maneuver over the government’s compensation for the invasion of China The development of the international situation during the Cold War era caused the Chinese government to abandon its claim for compensation to the Japanese government