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早产儿脑室出血(IVH)发病率和病死率高,幸存者可致脑积水、脑室周围白质软化等,成为影响预后的主要问题,本文结合近几年国外有关文献对其病因及预防作一综述。早产儿IVH是多因素作用的结果,如窒息HMD,气胸,呼吸暂停,低血压,惊厥及机械通气、输注高张液等治疗手段易致IVH,其病因可以归纳为血管自身因素及血管内、外因素。一、血管因素:早产儿脑室周围生发基质处在发育阶段,其丰富的毛细血管不成熟,缺乏完整性,对缺氧缺血的损伤特别脆弱。透射电镜显示生发基质毛细血管缺乏完整的基膜,仅有基膜样物质,内皮细胞间仅有1～2膜蛋白链的紧密连接,蛋白颗粒排列稀疏,内皮细胞连接外周又常无周细胞,且基质的毛
Premature infants with intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) incidence and mortality, survivors can cause hydrocephalus, periventricular white matter softening, become a major problem affecting the prognosis of this article in recent years, foreign literature on its etiology and prevention of a Summary. IVH is a multifactorial effect of preterm infants, such as asphyxia HMD, pneumothorax, apnea, hypotension, convulsions and mechanical ventilation, infusion of hypertonic fluid and other treatment methods prone to cause IVH, its causes can be summarized as vascular factors and endovascular External factors. First, the vascular factors: Premature children with periventricular germinal matrix at the developmental stage, its rich capillary immature, lack of integrity, especially for hypoxic-ischemic damage. Transmission electron microscopy showed that the germinal matrix capillaries lacks a complete basement membrane, only the basement membrane-like substances, endothelial cells only 1 to 2 membrane protein chain tight connection, protein particles arranged sparsely, endothelial cells often connected peripheral and pericytes, And the matrix hair