目的　研究发育不同阶段及二甲磺酸乙烷 (EDS)干预的雄性SD大鼠睾丸内雄激素受体 (Androgenreceptor,AR)的分布、发育模式及雄激素调控。 方法　采用免疫组织化学ABC法 ,并应用图像分析测定AR的视物平均光密度 ,以其表示核内AR相对含量。结果　特异性AR免疫染色见于睾丸间质细胞、肌样细胞、支持细胞、精原细胞、血管壁平滑肌细胞及内皮细胞。间质细胞中AR相对含量随大鼠年龄而变化 :2 1d龄居中 ,35d龄最高 ,90～ 1 2 0d龄最低 ,各组间均有显著性差异 (P <0 .0 5或P <0 .0 1 )。肌样细胞在 3个年龄组大鼠均有很强的AR表达。应用EDS消除成年大鼠内源性睾酮后 ,睾丸内所有AR阳性细胞的免疫染色均显著减弱 ,外源性睾酮替代治疗后免疫染色程度可恢复至对照组水平。结论　雄激素可促进青春期大鼠间质细胞的功能与分化 ;肌样细胞在精子发生过程中有重要作用 ;睾丸内AR的表达受内源性睾酮的调控。 Objective To study the distribution, developmental pattern and androgen regulation of androgen receptor (Androgen receptor) in the testis of male Sprague-Dawley rats exposed to different stages of development and EDS treatment. Methods Immunohistochemical ABC method and image analysis were used to determine the average optical density of AR, which expressed the relative content of nuclear AR. Results Specific AR immunostaining was found in testicular stromal cells, myoid cells, supporting cells, spermatogonia, vascular smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells. The relative content of AR in stromal cells varied with the age of the rats: 21 days old, 35 days old, and 90-120 days old were the lowest among all groups (P <0.05 or P <0 .0 1). Muscle-like cells in all three age groups have strong AR expression. After the application of EDS to eliminate endogenous testosterone in adult rats, the immunostaining of all AR positive cells in testis was significantly weakened, and the degree of immunostaining of exogenous testosterone replacement treatment could be restored to that of control group. Conclusion Androgen can promote the function and differentiation of interstitial cells in adolescent rats. Muscle-like cells play an important role in the process of spermatogenesis. The expression of AR in testes is regulated by endogenous testosterone.