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技术创新遵循“阀值理论”,即只有当研发资源集中到一定程度才能使研发成果成为稳定输出。我国企业规模小,销售收入少,销售收入中研发经费所占比重更低,少量的R&D经费被用在许多项目上,使得企业的新技术成果难以实现规模化的市场开发,难以实现产业化。本文的实证分析表明,R&D的投入存在着一定的“阀值效应”,只有当流量、压力、能量都能够达到一定的“临界值”,才能获得预期的市场效果。研发资源的极端分散化是目前我国高技术产业化发展的最大障碍,这从医药产业可以清晰地表现出来。欲使技术研发投入达到产业化要求,必须充分实现技术资源的集约化使用。
Technological innovation follows the “Threshold Theory,” which means that R & D results can be made stable output only when research and development resources are concentrated to a certain extent. The small-scale enterprises in our country have a small sales income and a lower proportion of R & D expenses in sales revenue. A small amount of R & D funds are used in many projects, making it hard for the enterprises to achieve large-scale market development of new technological achievements and to realize industrialization. The empirical analysis of this paper shows that there is a certain “threshold effect” in R & D investment, and the expected market effect can be obtained only when the flow, pressure and energy all reach a certain “critical value”. Extreme decentralization of R & D resources is the biggest obstacle to the development of China’s high-tech industrialization, which can be clearly demonstrated from the pharmaceutical industry. To make R & D investment to meet industrialization requirements, we must fully realize the intensive use of technical resources.