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目的动态掌握甘肃省武威市职业暴露人群人感染H5N1禽流感病毒和环境标本中禽流感病毒的分布,从而了解职业暴露人群和环境标本中H5、H7和H9高致病性禽流感亚型病毒感染情况,为今后武威市人感染高致病性禽流感的防控提供科学依据。方法根据职业暴露人群血清学和环境高致病性禽流感监测方案要求,对从事家禽养殖、屠宰等职业暴露人群,采集血清标本进行马血球血凝抑制实验(HI)检测人感染H5N1高致病性禽流感病毒抗体,对家禽粪便和环境标本采用实时荧光定量法(PCR)进行禽流感病毒A型核酸检测,禽流感病毒A型核酸阳性标本进一步进行H5、H7和H9亚型检测。结果不同场所共采集职业暴露人群血清标本228份,结果均为阴性;不同养殖场所均未监测出禽流感病毒,不同活禽交易市场均检测出禽流感病毒;活禽交易市场普遍存在禽流感病毒,阳性检出率差异有统计学意义(χ2=24.59,P<0.05);110份禽流感病毒核酸阳性标本中,H5型占3.64%,H7型未检出,H9型占96.36%,H9亚型是武威市禽流感病毒的主要病原体,差异有统计学意义(χ2=37.60,P<0.05);清洗禽类的污水标本禽流感阳性检出率明显高于其他环境标本检出率,差异有统计学意义(χ2=23.85,P<0.05);第四季度禽流感阳性检出率明显高于其他季度,差异有统计学意义(χ2=17.38,P<0.05)。结论人感染高致病性禽流感病毒在武威市职业暴露人群中未发现隐性感染,活禽市场环境普遍存在禽流感病毒污染,应加强主动监测防止高致病性禽流感暴发流行。
Objective To dynamically grasp the distribution of avian influenza virus in H5N1 bird flu and environmental specimens from occupationally exposed people in Wuwei City, Gansu province so as to understand the prevalence of H5, H7 and H9 HPAI subtype viruses among occupationally exposed people and environmental samples It will provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of HPAI in Wuwei City in the future. Methods According to the serological and environmental HPAI surveillance programs of occupationally exposed population, serological samples were collected from the occupational exposure groups such as poultry raising and slaughtering, and tested by HI to detect H5N1 highly pathogenic H5, H7 and H9 subtype of avian influenza virus type A nucleic acid positive samples were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (PCR) for avian influenza virus A antibody against avian influenza virus. Results A total of 228 serological samples were collected from occupationally exposed population in different places, all of which were negative. No bird flu virus was detected in different farms, and the bird flu virus was detected in the markets of different live poultry. The prevalence of avian influenza virus (Χ2 = 24.59, P <0.05). Among the 110 samples positive for avian influenza virus, H5 type accounted for 3.64%, H7 type was not detected, H9 type accounted for 96.36%, H9 subtype (Χ2 = 37.60, P <0.05). The positive detection rate of bird flu in the water samples of cleaning birds was significantly higher than that of other environmental samples, the difference was statistically significant (Χ2 = 23.85, P <0.05). The positive rate of bird flu in the fourth quarter was significantly higher than that of other quarters (χ2 = 17.38, P <0.05). Conclusions Human infection with HPAI virus has no hidden infection in the occupational exposure population in Wuwei City. The prevalence of avian influenza virus in the live market is generally high and active surveillance should be strengthened to prevent outbreak of HPAI.