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背景:父母对子女的影响是多面性的,积极健康的父母参与有助于大学新生运动员获得最佳心理健康状态并保持积极的态度;反之,则可能对运动员的发展产生负面影响。本研究目的在于通过完美主义、身体自我概念和心理健康的评价,判定性别、父亲与母亲参与的区别对大学新生运动员心理学特征的影响。方法:82名男大学新生和73名女大学新生参与了有关家庭参与、完美主义、身体自我概念和心理健康的自我报告式检测。用2×2×2(性别×母亲参与×父亲参与)3种独立因素多元方差分析(MANOVAs)得出报告中的分量表。结果:性别及父亲参与在完美主义方面差异显著(P<0.01)。与男生相比,女生对错误关注度较低,但组织性及计划性程度较高。此外,父亲参与较多的大学新生对高标准的遵循度和组织性均较高。结论父亲参与的影响贯穿大学新生整个学年,表现在新生运动员的完美主义、身体自我意识和心理幸福感。今后的研究应着重于开发更好的测量方法,并运用家庭系统视角。
Background: Parents’ influence on children is multi-faceted. Positive and healthy parental participation helps the freshmen athletes obtain the best mental health status and maintain a positive attitude; on the contrary, they may have a negative impact on the athlete’s development. The purpose of this study is to determine the impact of the difference between gender, father and mother on the psychological characteristics of freshmen athletes through the evaluation of perfectionism, physical self-concept and mental health. METHODS: Eighty-two male college freshmen and 73 female college freshmen participated in self-report testing on family involvement, perfectionism, physical self-concept and mental health. The subscales in the report were obtained by 3 independent factors multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVAs) using 2 × 2 × 2 (sex × mother’s participation × father’s participation). Results: There was a significant difference in perfectionism between gender and father participation (P <0.01). Compared with boys, girls are less concerned about mistakes, but the organization and planning a higher degree. In addition, freshmen, who are more involved with their father, have higher standards of compliance and organization. Conclusion The influence of father’s participation runs through the freshmen throughout the school year, and is manifested in perfectionism, physical self-awareness and psychological well-being of freshmen athletes. Future research should focus on developing better measurement methods and applying a family system perspective.