测定金属及其合金的晶粒取向,常用X射线法、磁转矩法和蚀坑光学法。蚀坑光学法虽不如X射线法准确,但它需要的设备简单,测定比较迅速直观,可较精确地测出各个晶粒的取向,这对取向硅钢的研究是很有益的。目前国内采用蚀坑光学法测织构是用普通光学显微镜(或带测角器)观察一定晶粒数内的各类形状的蚀坑,计算出各类形状蚀坑所占的比例,或是测出蚀坑的几何参数来作极图或计算晶面指数。这样测定的结果精度较差,测量和计算费时。要提高测量的精度和效率,一是要在制样上下功夫,使在所观测的晶粒内,蚀坑的大小和数量适宜、分布均匀和轮廓清晰。但主要是改进仪器的观 Determination of metal and its alloy grain orientation, commonly used X-ray method, magnetic moment method and etching pit optical method. Although the etching pit optical method is not as accurate as the X-ray method, it requires simple equipment, relatively quick and intuitive determination, and can accurately measure the orientation of each grain, which is very beneficial for the research of oriented silicon steel. At present, the method of measuring optical texture of pits in China is to use ordinary optical microscope (or with goniometer) to observe the pit of various shapes within a certain number of grains, and to calculate the proportion of pit of various shapes or Measure the geometrical parameters of pits to make pole figure or calculate the crystal face index. The result of this determination is poor in accuracy and time-consuming to measure and calculate. To improve the accuracy and efficiency of measurement, the first is to make efforts to sample preparation, so that in the observed grain, the size and number of pit corrosion suitable, uniform distribution and clear outline. But mainly to improve the concept of equipment