偏振成像技术将景物的偏振信息转化为二维图像信息,从而可以和灰度图像一样对目标景物进行场景特征分析。介绍了基于斯托克斯矢量的偏振成像原理。按照获取斯托克斯矢量方法的不同,分别介绍了偏振片起偏、偏振棱镜分光和可变延迟波片调制三类分时偏振成像方式,分振幅、分孔径、分焦平面三种同时偏振成像方式。结合我国的制造水平,设计了双CCD渥拉斯顿棱镜同时偏振成像实验系统,并采集了实验图像。分析了各种偏振成像方式的优缺点。指出了偏振激光照明主动偏振成像、光谱偏振成像是偏振成像仪器进一步的发展方向。 Polarization imaging technology will be the scene’s polarization information into two-dimensional image information, which can be the same as the grayscale image scene characteristics of the target scene analysis. The principle of polarization imaging based on Stokes vector is introduced. According to the different methods of obtaining Stokes vectors, three kinds of time-division polarization imaging methods, polarizer polarization, polarization prism and variable delay waveplate modulation are introduced respectively. The three modes of polarization, sub-aperture and sub-focal plane Imaging method. Combined with the manufacturing level of our country, a dual CCD Wollaston Prism Simultaneous Polarization Imaging Experiment System was designed and the experimental images were collected. The advantages and disadvantages of various polarization imaging methods are analyzed. Pointed out that the polarization laser illumination active polarization imaging, spectral polarization imaging is the direction of further development of polarization imaging equipment.