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近年来,随着人民生活水平的不断提高,糖尿病的发病率逐年增加,由于医学科学的进步糖尿病患者的寿命也相继延长,随之糖尿病性视网膜病变的发病率也逐步增高。据文献报告,糖尿病性视网膜病变的发病率可高达50%左右。由于治疗上未取得突破性的进展,糖尿病性视网膜病变已成为四大主要致盲疾病(老年性视网膜变性,糖尿病性视网膜病变,青光眼,老年性白内障)之一。因此,从防患于未然的角度,研究糖尿病性视网膜病变的发病机理对预防和治疗糖尿病性视网膜病变就有相当重要的意义。目前,糖尿病性视网膜病变的发病机理虽未完全阐明,但已深入到微循环水平,强调其血栓性微血管病变的本质:即视网膜微循环内微血管病变伴微血栓的形成是造成视网膜病变的原因。根据魏尔啸血拴形成三个基本环节的理论:血栓的形成主要和血管壁的病变、血液成份的异常和血液动力学的障碍有密切关系。现将有关问题综述如下:
In recent years, with the continuous improvement of people’s living standards, the incidence of diabetes increased year by year, due to advances in medical science Diabetes patients have also been extended life expectancy, along with the incidence of diabetic retinopathy also gradually increased. According to the literature, the incidence of diabetic retinopathy can be as high as 50%. Diabetic retinopathy has become one of the four major blinding diseases (senile retinal degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma, senile cataracts) due to no breakthrough in treatment. Therefore, from the preventive point of view, to study the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy for the prevention and treatment of diabetic retinopathy has a very important significance. At present, the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy, although not fully elucidated, but has been deep into the microcirculation level, emphasizing the nature of its thrombotic microangiopathy: microvascular lesions within the microcirculation of the retina with micro-thrombosis is the cause of retinopathy. According to the theory of the formation of the three basic links of the Weirschurch blood vessels, thrombus formation is mainly related to the pathological changes of the blood vessel wall, the abnormalities of the blood components and the hemodynamic obstacles. The related issues are summarized as follows: