目的调查早产儿出院后随访现状,分析随访依从性及其影响因素。方法单中心回顾性调查2011年1月1日至2013年5月31日北京大学第一医院NICU收治的胎龄<37周、入院日龄<24 h、住院时间≥7天、统计时校正年龄(CA)满3个月、临床资料完整的早产儿随访情况。随访方式包括常规预约随访和就诊时间前医务人员电话督促、提醒家长的强化随访。分析早产儿随访率现状及随访方式改变带来的影响。多因素分析影响早产儿随访依从性的因素。结果共623例早产儿纳入研究,常规随访组483例,强化随访组140例。胎龄<32周早产儿143例,胎龄≥32周早产儿480例。出院后随访率随年龄增加逐渐降低(χ2=667.799,P<0.001)。胎龄<32周的极早产儿随访频度高于胎龄34~36周的早产儿(χ2=10.115,P=0.006)。在所有随访时段,强化随访组随访率均高于常规随访组(P均<0.05)。强化随访组及常规随访组出院后2~3周、CA 3.0±1.5月、6.0±1.5月、9.0±1.5月、12.0±1.5月随访率分别为95.7%比72.3%,77.9%比49.5%,49.6%比39.2%,50.6%比27.2%,32.2%比15.6%(P均<0.05)。Logistic回归分析显示,出生胎龄及体重越低、随访距离越近、住院期间坚持母乳喂养、强化随访、合并症多以及出院时体重低的患儿随访依从性好。结论早产儿出院后随访现状不容乐观,校正年龄半岁后随访率降低明显。增加随访前的再次提醒可有效提高随访率。 Objective To investigate the status of postpartum follow-up in preterm infants and analyze the follow-up compliance and its influencing factors. Methods Single-center retrospective investigation January 1, 2011 to May 31, 2013 Peking University First Hospital NICU gestational age <37 weeks, admission day <24 h, hospital stay ≥ 7 days, the statistical correction of age (CA) for 3 months, complete clinical data of preterm children follow-up. Follow-up methods, including routine appointment and follow-up visits before the medical staff call to urge and remind parents to strengthen follow-up. Analysis of the status of follow-up of premature children and follow-up of the impact of changes. Multivariate analysis of factors influencing follow-up compliance in preterm infants. Results A total of 623 preterm infants were included in the study, 483 cases were followed up routinely and 140 cases were followed up intensively. 143 preterm infants of gestational age <32 weeks and 480 preterm infants of gestational age ≥32 weeks. After discharge, the follow-up rate decreased with age (χ2 = 667.799, P <0.001). The frequency of preterm infants with gestational age <32 weeks was significantly higher than that of preterm infants with gestational age 34 to 36 weeks (χ2 = 10.115, P = 0.006). At all follow-up periods, the follow-up rate of intensive follow-up group was higher than that of routine follow-up group (all P <0.05). The follow-up rates in intensive follow-up group and routine follow-up group were 95%, 72.3%, 77.9% and 49.5%, respectively, at 2 to 3 weeks after discharge at CA 3.0 ± 1.5 months, 6.0 ± 1.5 months, 9.0 ± 1.5 months and 12.0 ± 1.5 months, 49.6% vs 39.2%, 50.6% vs 27.2%, 32.2% vs 15.6% (all P <0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that the birth gestational age and body weight were lower, the follow-up distance was shorter, breast-feeding during hospitalization, intensive follow-up, more complications and low compliance at discharge were followed-up. Conclusion The status of follow-up of preterm infants after discharge is not optimistic. The follow-up rate of the corrected age after six months of age is obviously decreased. Increase the follow-up before the reminder can effectively improve the follow-up rate.