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知识辩护理论长期处于内在主义与外在主义、基础主义与融贯主义、可错论与不可错论的争论中止步不前。导致这种状况的根源在于争论的双方都在某些方面错误地理解了知识辩护的性质。内在主义和外在主义错误地采取了个体主义立场;基础主义和融贯主义执迷于知识的绝对真理性质,错失了知识的语境性质;对可错论的担忧源于全面而彻底地拒斥怀疑论的幻想。为纠正这些失误,语境主义的辩护观认为,知识辩护是可错的、历时的、公共的。语境主义的辩护是在特定语境下以实用真理为目标的,是在“挑战-辩护”过程中的动态活动。
The theory of knowledge defense has long been in the midst of debates over internalism and extrinsicism, fundamentalism and philanthropy, erroneous and untrue arguments. The root cause of this situation is that both parties to the dispute mistakenly understand the nature of the intellectual defense in some ways. Intrinsicism and externism have mistakenly taken an individualist stand; fundamentalist and cosmopolitanism obsess over the absolute truth of knowledge, the contextual nature of knowledge; the fear of erroneous arguments stems from a complete and total rejection Disbelief skeptical. To correct these mistakes, the defensive view of the contextualism holds that knowledge defense is erroneous, diachronic, and public. Contextualist defense is aiming at practical truths under certain contexts and is a dynamic activity in the process of “challenge-defense”.