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本文主要从技术的角度对日本和中国的高速铁路技术进行比较。首先介绍日中两国高速铁路的发展简史,并用数字说明两国在高速铁路运营里程、旅客发送量和高速列车数量等方面的现状。其次,比较分析日中两国高速铁路在高速列车设计理念、自动过电分相、电磁兼容、再生制动列车导入后的相平衡措施和列车轻量化等技术方面上的差异,并侧重阐述日本在轻量化和编组动拖比优化等方面取得的成功经验。其三,介绍英国、法国和德国的高速铁路技术,并以日本为比较对象,从受流、列车超速防护、列车长度、运行图、动力方式和转向架结构等方面说明法国高速铁路技术的特点。其四,分析中日两国高速列车采用相同的动力分散方式背后的不同原因以及中国引进日欧技术导致多种技术并存的优点和缺点。其五,提出中日两国今后应重点讨论的几个技术问题,如编组动拖比优化、制动系统设计、安全和可靠性设计以及车载列控系统设计等。最后,从日中两国中速铁路和市郊铁路存在明显差异的角度,分析日中两国铁路的特殊性,提出两国在高速铁路、中速铁路以及城市轨道交通领域相互取长补短的具体方法。
This article mainly compares the high-speed railway technologies of Japan and China from a technical point of view. First of all, I will introduce a brief history of the development of high-speed railways in Japan and China and illustrate the current status of high-speed railways, passenger deliveries and high-speed trains in the two countries by figures. Secondly, this paper compares the technical differences between high-speed train design concept, automatic over-voltage and phase separation, electromagnetic compatibility, phase balancing measures after the introduction of regenerative brake trains and lightweight of train in Japan and China, and focuses on Japan Successful experience in lightweighting and optimization of moving and dragging ratios. Thirdly, it introduces the high-speed railway technology in the UK, France and Germany, and compares the characteristics of the French high-speed railway technology with the Japanese counterparts in terms of current flow, train speed protection, train length, running map, power mode and bogie structure . Fourth, it analyzes the different reasons behind the adoption of the same power dispersal method for high-speed trains between China and Japan and the advantages and disadvantages of the co-existence of multiple technologies resulting from the introduction of Japanese and European technologies in China. Fifth, some technical issues that should be discussed in the future should be put forward, such as optimization of maneuvering drag ratio, design of braking system, design of safety and reliability, and design of vehicle train control system. Finally, from the point of obvious difference between Japan and China in the medium-speed railway and suburban railway, this paper analyzes the particularity of Japan-China railroad and proposes the concrete methods of mutual supplementing each other in high-speed railway, medium-speed railway and urban rail transit.