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口腔喷溅操作产生喷溅物、飞沫与气溶胶，当感染因子存在时，主要通过接触和飞沫传播。本文通过空气传播疾病风险模型分析，阐明预防气溶胶传播的重点为感染源管理、加大通风、减少暴露时间和正确使用防护口罩。通过对气溶胶产生和污染的分析，提出应加强水气路管理和喷溅行为控制，进行有效的空气和物表消毒、加强人员防护。基于感染链分析，阐述标准预防和附加预防措施在切断传染性疾病传播中的作用，提出口腔诊疗的感染防控需体现系统性、全面性和循证性。“,”Splatter, droplet and aerosol, which potentially cause disease via contact and droplets transmission, may be produced during dental treatments. Through the risk model analysis of airborne diseases, it is clarified that the key points of preventing aerosol transmission are infection source management, increasing ventilation, reducing exposure time and correct use of protective masks. In order to reduce the aerosol pollution, it is necessary to strengthen the management of water and air piping systems and the control of splashing. Air and surface disinfection and enhanced personnel protection may reduce the risk. Based on the analysis of infection chain, this article elaborates the role of standard and additional precautions for cutting off the disease transmission chain. Systematic, comprehensive and evidence-based prevention and control measures should become our concerns.