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目的:探讨贵州不同经济条件病区燃煤型地方性氟中毒(下称地氟病)的健康教育内容和方法,以提高防治效益。方法:按照整群抽样的原则,采取分层多级随机抽样方法,分别抽取经济条件好、中等、差的病区自然村开展健康教育需求调查,并针对病区需求提出相应对策。结果:①各调查村家庭户主和学生知晓率均较低,平均分别为38.00%(171/450)和39.73%(298/750)。②调查627户家庭户有607户仍需使用灶,敞烧率达78.09%(474/607),特别是四合、索桥两村敞烧率高达100%;拥有炉的有370户,敞烧率为7.03%(26/370)。③四合、索桥、云山仍需食用部分玉米的家庭户比例分别为22.93%(47/205)、59.79%(116/194)、89.91%(205/228);食用玉米的敞煤火烘烤率分别为57.45%(27/47)、91.38%(106/116)、84.88%(174/205);食前未淘洗率分别为27.66%(13/47)、37.93%(44/116)、89.76%(184/205)。④四合、索桥、云山辣椒的敞煤火烘烤率分别为95.61%(196/205)、79.90%(155/194)、89.91%(205/228);食前未淘洗率分别为23.41%(48/205)、80.41%(156/194)、39.03%(89/228)。⑤四合、索桥、云山8～12岁儿童氟斑牙检出率分别为36.58%(15/41)、60.71%(51/84)、62.16%(23/37)。⑥四合、索桥、云山家庭户年人均收入构成差异显著,四合收入较高,索桥次之,云山较低。结论:各调查点家庭户和小学生地氟病防治知识淡薄,且均存在不同程度的敞烧炉灶、敞煤火干燥粮食及食前未淘洗等地氟病相关行为生活因素的流行。对不同经济条件病区地氟病健康教育的内容和方式侧重点有所不同,应有针对性地开展健康教育工作,提高防治效益。
Objective: To explore the contents and methods of health education on endemic fluorosis (hereinafter referred to as “endemic fluorosis”) in different economic conditions in Guizhou to improve the prevention and treatment benefits. Methods: According to the principle of cluster sampling, a stratified multistage random sampling method was adopted to survey the demand of health education in villages with good, moderate and poor ward economic conditions respectively and put forward corresponding countermeasures according to the needs of ward. Results: ①The awareness rate of family heads and students in each survey village was low, with an average of 38.00% (171/450) and 39.73% (298/750) respectively. ② Investigation of 627 households still need to use 607 households stove, burn rate reached 78.09% (474/607), especially the Sihe, Suoqiao two village burn rate as high as 100%; has a furnace of 370 households, open The burn rate was 7.03% (26/370). (3) The proportions of households still consuming some corn in Sihe, Suoqiao and Yunshan were 22.93% (47/205), 59.79% (116/194) and 89.91% (205/228), respectively; Baking rates were 57.45% (27/47), 91.38% (106/116) and 84.88% (174/205), respectively. The unwashed pre-washing rates were 27.66% (13/47) and 37.93% (44/116) ), 89.76% (184/205). ④ The open coal fire rates of Sihe, Suoqiao and Yunshan peppers were 95.61% (196/205), 79.90% (155/194) and 89.91% (205/228), respectively; the unwashed pre-meal rates were 23.41% (48/205), 80.41% (156/194), 39.03% (89/228). ⑤ The detection rates of dental fluorosis in children aged 8 ~ 12 years in Sihe, Suoqiao and Yunshan were 36.58% (15/41), 60.71% (51/84) and 62.16% (23/37) respectively. ⑥ Sihetun, cable bridge, Yunshan per capita household income significantly different, Sihe income is higher, followed by the cable bridge, Yunshan lower. Conclusion: The knowledge of prevention and treatment of Fluorosis among family households and primary school students in all survey sites is weak, and there are epidemics of behavioral factors related to fluoride-related diseases such as open-air stoves, open-air dried foodstuffs and unwashed pancreas before eating. For different economic conditions wards fluorosis health education content and approach are different, we should carry out health education in a targeted manner to improve the prevention and treatment benefits.