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森林采伐后次生林的恢复过程对于生物多样性的保护和生态系统功能的重建具有重要意义。作者以古田山不同干扰程度的12个1 ha森林样地为研究对象,运用群落多元统计方法,探讨了自然恢复过程中森林群落组成及物种多样性的动态变化及趋势。结果表明:不同恢复阶段森林样地的群落组成存在显著性差异,而同一恢复阶段的样地具有高度的相似性。物种丰富度随恢复进程有增加的趋势,但各阶段差异并不显著;物种均匀度除人工林较低以外,其他恢复阶段之间无显著性差异。不同恢复阶段研究样地的群落组成及物种多样性的差异主要存在于林冠层。灌木及更新层具有各自的指示种,人工林的指示种为落叶灌木或阳性乔木,幼龄次生林的指示种为常绿灌木或小乔木,老次生林的指示种为亚乔木层常绿树种,老龄林的指示种为林冠层树种。上述结果表明古田山不同人为干扰程度森林群落的物种多样性具有较强的自我恢复能力。尽管物种组成难以预测,但处于同一恢复阶段的森林,其幼树的生活型组成呈现出一致的变化趋势。
The recovery of secondary forests after logging is of great significance to the conservation of biodiversity and the reconstruction of ecosystem functions. Based on 12 1 ha forest plots with different degrees of disturbance in Gutian Mountain, the authors studied the dynamic changes and trends of forest community composition and species diversity during natural restoration by using community multivariate statistics. The results showed that there were significant differences in the community composition of forest plots in different restoration stages, while the plots in the same recovery stage had a high degree of similarity. The species richness tended to increase with the recovery process, but the differences were not significant in all stages. There was no significant difference in the evenness of species except the plantations. The differences of community composition and species diversity in different restoration stages mainly exist in the canopy layer. Shrubs and the regeneration layer has its own indicator species, plantation instructions for the deciduous shrubs or positive trees, young secondary forest indicator species of evergreen shrubs or small trees, the indicator of the old secondary forest sub-arbor layer evergreen species, The forest is planted as a canopy tree. The above results indicate that the species diversity of forest communities in Gutian Mountain has different degree of self-recovery. Despite the unpredictable species composition, the life-form composition of young saplings shows a consistent trend in the same restoration stage.