Objective: To investigate the neuroprotective effect and mechanism of Acteoside (AC) on brain injury in epileptic rats. Methods: 30 Sprague-Dawlay rats (SPF grade, healthy males, about 200g) were randomly divided into epilepsy group,AC group and blank control group. The epileptic group and the AC group were given 28 days of intraperitoneal injection of pentaerythritazine (PTZ), and the remaining groups were given normal saline injection. The changes of electroencephalogram (EEG), learning and memory ability, pathological changes of brain tissue, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were observed in all rats. Results: Compared with the epilepsy group, the AC group showed significantly reduced degeneration and necrosis of nerve cells in brain tissue, significantly improved learning and memory ability, and the EEG was dominated by wavelet and slow wave, replacing the typical spike and spike waves. SOD increased and MDA decreased in oxygen radical (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Epilepsy are closely related to Oxidative stress. AC can play a protective role in the brain by improving EEG, learning and memory ability, regulating changes in SOD and MDA content, and inhibiting the generation of oxygen free radicals.