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近几年来,蘑菇疣孢霉病在各菇区普遍发生,轻者减产1～2成,重者甚至绝收,这给蘑菇生产发展和经济效益提高带来不利影响。由于蘑菇疣孢霉病的病原菌主要来自土壤携带造成初侵染,因此有的菇农为了防止土壤带菌传入菇房,改用山坡未污染的红、黄壤作覆土材料,以防该病发生。这种做法对防止疣孢霉病发生取得了积极作用,但部分菇农对红、黄壤土的特性认识不足,处理不当,也会给蘑菇高产和罐头加工厂带来不利影响。因此根据红、黄壤土的特性,谈谈蘑菇覆土使用红、黄壤土时应注意的几个问题,供栽培者参考: 1 红、黄壤土粘性大 山坡红、黄壤土层深厚,质地粘重,透水通气差,这样的土壤覆盖菇床易造成水多气少,温度低,不适合于蘑菇高产栽培的要求。更主要的是红、黄壤土物理性粘粒(0.01mm以下)和胶粒(0.001mm以下)多,在采菇过程中容易粘着菇体表面,且粘性大,不易漂洗,常使罐头加工企业带来很多麻烦,影响罐头加工质量。
In recent years, mushroom wart spore disease commonly occurs in various mushroom areas, the light cut 1 to 2 percent, or even the absolute weight, which gives mushroom production and economic development to bring adverse effects. As the pathogen of mushroom wilt spores mold mainly from the soil caused by the initial infection, so some mushrooms in order to prevent the introduction of soil contaminated mushroom house, switch to the hillside pollution of red and yellow soil for the cover material to prevent the disease. This practice has played an active role in preventing the occurrence of Wart onychomycosis. However, some mushroom farmers do not know enough about the characteristics of red and yellow loam soil. If they are not properly handled, they will also bring adverse effects on mushroom high yield and canning factory. Therefore, according to the characteristics of red and yellow loam, to talk about the use of red and yellow loam soil mushroom cover should pay attention to several issues for the grower reference: 1 red, yellow loam sticky big hillside red, yellow loam deep, thick sticky texture, Permeability and poor ventilation, such a soil cover Mushroom bed easily lead to less water vapor, low temperature, not suitable for mushroom cultivation requirements. More important is the red, yellow loam soil physical clay (0.01mm below) and colloidal particles (0.001mm below) and more easy to stick in the process of mining mushroom body surface, and sticky, not easy to rinse, often canned processing enterprises Brought a lot of trouble, affecting the quality of canned food.