诉,是民事诉讼法上的一项重要法律制度。有人把诉、审判和执行一并描绘成为构成民事诉讼的三大制度。诉是从当事人进行诉讼的角度,对整个民事诉讼程序制度的抽象。各国民事诉讼程序及制度上的差异,都能在诉的制度上体现出来。以诉为研究核心,同时涉及诉权、反诉、诉的合并及分离等一系列理理问题。本文仅以英美法、大陆法、苏联东欧法为例,对诉的概念及其结构和分类进行比较研究。 Litigation is an important legal system in the Civil Procedure Law. Some people have put the prosecution, trial and execution together as the three major systems constituting civil litigation. The lawsuit is the abstraction of the entire system of civil procedure from the perspective of litigating the parties. The differences in civil procedure and system in all countries can be reflected in the system of appeal. Appeal as the core of research, involving rights, counterclaims, the prosecution of the merger and separation of a series of theoretical issues. This article only compares the concept, structure and classification of the suits with the common law of Britain, the civil law and the Eastern European law of the Soviet Union.