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在过去的 1 5年到 2 0年间 ,与油气勘探、钻井和开采相关的许多行业都取得了重大的技术进步。其中最显著的可能就是三维地震采集、处理、解释和可视化。 1 985年以来 ,美国探井成功率从 2 /1 0左右提高到 3/1 0 ,开发井成功率从 7/1 0提高到8.5 /1 0 ,这都归功于三维技术。尽管获得了这些成功 ,如今一般的油田仍然只能自然产出 35 %～ 40 %的储量。借助提高原油采收率方法 ,这个比率有时可以提高到 5 0 %。通过应用三维地震、深水采油、海底完井、水平钻井、随钻测量等技术、新型电缆测井仪以及先进的钻井和完井液技术 ,油气公司已将其发现成本降至每桶 6～ 7美元。然而 ,正如许多经营者早就认识到的那样 ,从现有油藏每增产一桶油当量的成本要低 6 0 %之多。经营者由于受到技术进步的激励 ,为了产出那些增产原油 ,越来越注重油藏最优化。
In the past 15 to 20 years, significant technological advances have been made in many industries related to oil and gas exploration, drilling and mining. The most obvious of these is 3D seismic acquisition, processing, interpretation and visualization. Since 985, the success rate of exploration wells in the United States has been raised from 2/1 to 3/1 0, and the success rate of development wells has been raised from 7/1 0 to 8.5 / 10, thanks to three-dimensional technology. Despite these successes, today’s average oilfields still only produce between 35% and 40% of their natural reserves. With the method of increasing oil recovery, this ratio can sometimes be increased to 50%. Oil and gas companies have reduced their detection costs to 6-7 per barrel by applying technologies such as 3D seismic, deepwater production, submarine completion, horizontal drilling, while-drilling measurements, new cable tools, and advanced drilling and completion fluids Dollars. However, as many operators have long recognized, the cost of producing one barrel of oil equivalent from existing reservoirs is as much as 60% lower. As operators are motivated by technological advances, they are paying more and more attention to reservoir optimization in order to generate more crude oil.