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为探讨不同播期对不同熟性品种夏玉米生长发育及群体特性的影响,以纪元一号(早熟品种)、郑单958(中熟品种)及农大108(晚熟品种)为试验材料,于2008—2009年在中国农业大学上庄试验站设置3个播期的处理试验。结果表明:夏玉米的生育期随播期推迟而缩短,平均每推迟1d全生育期缩短0.2～0.6d;从早熟到晚熟品种夏玉米生育期缩短表现出加剧的趋势。随播期推迟,早熟与中熟品种的穗位比增大,茎粗降低,但播期对晚熟品种的穗位比与茎粗影响不显著。播种期推迟,夏玉米最大叶面积指数、地上部干物质重量、群体光合势(LAD)及籽粒产量均呈降低趋势,其中晚熟品种的籽粒产量降幅大于早熟品种。晚播与中播相比:农大108籽粒产量降幅为40.7%～41.6%,而纪元一号降幅为22.2%～27.7%。播期及品种是影响华北平原夏玉米生长发育的重要因素,适度提前播种利于高产群体的形成,在相同管理措施条件下郑单958具有较强产量优势。
In order to investigate the effects of different sowing date on the growth and population characteristics of summer maize with different maturity varieties, the effects of different sowing date on the growth and population characteristics of summer maize were studied. - 2009 in China Agricultural University Shangzhuang test station set three sowing treatment test. The results showed that the growth stage of summer maize was shortened with the delay of sowing date, and the average growth period of postharvest 1d shortened 0.2 ~ 0.6d. The growth of summer maize showed a trend of aggravation. With the late sowing date, the ratio of ear position to maturity and medium maturity varieties increased, and the stem diameter decreased. However, the sowing position and stem diameter of late maturing varieties had no significant effect on sowing date. The sowing date was delayed, the maximum leaf area index of summer maize, dry matter weight aboveground, photosynthetic potential (LAD) and grain yield tended to decrease. Among them, grain yield of late maturing varieties decreased more than that of early maturing varieties. Late sowing and sowing compared to: Nongda 108 grain yield decline of 40.7% to 41.6%, while the era of decline on the 1st of 22.2% to 27.7%. Sowing dates and varieties are important factors that affect the growth and development of summer maize in the North China Plain. Sowing prematurely is favorable for the formation of high-yielding population. Under the same management measures, Zhengdan 958 has a strong yield advantage.