本文基于对“581”组的成立、中科院“高空大气物理代表团”访苏,以及“变卫星为探空”后“581”组的工作等几个方面的重要史实的梳理和阐释,论述“581”组对我国人造卫星事业的起步所发挥的重要作用。 This article is based on the importance of the establishment of the “581 ” group, the visit of the CAS “High Altitude Physics Delegation ” and the work of the “581 ” group after “changing satellites for sounding ” The history of the carding and interpretation of “581 ” group on the cause of China’s satellite launch of the important role.