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目的了解喀什地区活禽市场及职业暴露人群禽流感感染状况,探索喀什地区人感染禽流感的危险因素,为喀什地区制定高致病性禽流感疫情防控措施提供科学依据。方法对267名职业暴露者进行问卷调查;应用read-Time PCR方法监测环境标本中H5N1、H7N9、H9N2禽流感病毒,应用马血球血凝抑制试验检测人血清样品中H5N1、H7N9禽流感病毒抗体。结果 2011—2014年共采集1 055份环境标本,阳性率为3.22%;采集职业暴露人群血清标本405份,未检测出H5N1、H7N9抗体阳性标本;问卷调查禽类从业人员共267人,人禽流感传染源、传播途径及临床症状的知晓率分别为46.82%、29.59%和68.16%,接触禽类或污染器物后,有洗手习惯、戴口罩、换工作服和定期消毒生产器具的分别为36.33%、29.96%、30.34%和49.44%。结论该地区活禽市场环境禽流感污染情况长期存在,加之职业暴露人群的禽流感知识知晓率低、个人防护更缺乏,因此引起人禽流感的危险性很高。
Objective To understand the status of bird flu infection in live poultry market and occupational exposure in Kashgar region and explore the risk factors of bird flu infection in Kashgar region and to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control measures of the development of HPAI in Kashgar region. Methods A total of 267 occupational exposures were surveyed. The H5N1, H7N9 and H9N2 avian influenza viruses in environmental samples were detected by read-time PCR. The H5N1 and H7N9 avian influenza virus antibodies were detected in human serum samples by using the hemagglutination inhibition test. Results A total of 1 055 environmental samples were collected during 2011-2014, with a positive rate of 3.22%. 405 serum samples from occupational exposure were collected and no H5N1 and H7N9 positive samples were detected. A total of 267 poultry practitioners were surveyed, and human bird flu The prevalence of infection, route of transmission and clinical symptoms were 46.82%, 29.59% and 68.16% respectively. After inoculation of poultry or contaminated utensils, the awareness of handwashing, wearing masks, changing clothes and disinfecting apparatus were 36.33%, 29.96 %, 30.34% and 49.44% respectively. Conclusions The situation of bird flu in the live poultry market in this area persists for a long time. Combined with the low awareness of bird flu knowledge among occupationally exposed people and the lack of personal protection, the risk of bird flu is very high.