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老采空区上方地表变形是一个具有复杂性、突然性和长期性等显著特点的非线性过程。在老采空区上方建设生活或服务设施时,必须对老采空区上方地基稳定性和残余变形情况进行评价和预测。基于多尺度经验模态分解(EMD),提出了老采空区上方地表建筑物稳定性分析及预测新方法。通过实例研究,证实采用多尺度经验模态分解可获得老采空区上方地表建筑物的动态变形细部信号。对各分解尺度进行分析能更准确有效地评价原始数据所反映的建筑物变形特征和进行变形机制研究。同时,实例计算也证实,采用考虑多尺度特征的预测模型可获得比传统方法更优的变形预报精度,为更科学地评价老采空区建筑物稳定性提供理论依据。
Surface deformation above the old goaf is a non-linear process that has notable features such as complexity, suddenness and long-term. When constructing living or service facilities above the old goaf, the stability and residual deformation of the foundation above the old goaf must be evaluated and predicted. Based on multi-scale empirical mode decomposition (EMD), the stability analysis of ground buildings above the old goaf and a new prediction method are proposed. Through case studies, it is confirmed that multi-scale empirical mode decomposition can be used to obtain detailed signals of dynamic deformation of surface buildings above the old goaf. Analyzing the decomposition scales can evaluate the deformation characteristics of the buildings reflected by the original data more accurately and effectively and study the deformation mechanism. At the same time, the example calculation also proves that the forecasting model with multi-scale features can obtain better deformation forecasting accuracy than the traditional method, which provides a theoretical basis for more scientific evaluation of the stability of the building in the old goaf.