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采用田间小区试验,研究了稻草编织物覆盖在坡耕地红壤水土流失控制上的作用及其对玉米生长的影响。结果表明:在坡耕地红壤上,稻草编织物覆盖能有效抑制土壤侵蚀和养分流失,增加玉米产量。在种植玉米条件下,稻草编织物覆盖比无覆盖处理土壤的径流量和侵蚀量分别降低了38.40%和75.36%,比薄膜覆盖处理土壤的径流量和侵蚀量分别降低了15.41%和5.83%。稻草编织物覆盖侵蚀土壤流失的有机质、全氮、全磷和全钾分别占无覆盖处理流失量的12.04%,12.15%,12.11%和12.48%,薄膜覆盖处理则分别占无覆盖处理流失量的48.66%,52.55%,54.54%和53.37%。对坡耕地红壤地表径流、土壤侵蚀量和养分流失的控制作用效果为稻草编织物覆盖>薄膜覆盖>无覆盖。稻草编织物覆盖在降雨集中时期控制水土流失作用更为显著。稻草编织物覆盖和薄膜覆盖玉米产量分别比无覆盖处理增加8.05%和29.67%。
The field plot experiment was used to study the effect of straw woven fabric covering soil erosion control on sloping farmland red soil and its effect on maize growth. The results showed that straw mulching could effectively reduce soil erosion and nutrient loss and increase corn yield on sloping red soil. Compared with uncoated soil, the runoff and erosion amount of straw woven fabric decreased by 38.40% and 75.36% compared with uncoated soil, and decreased by 15.41% and 5.83% respectively compared with those of film-covered soil. Straw, organic matter, soil total N, total phosphorus and total potassium in soil erosion covered 12.04%, 12.15%, 12.11% and 12.48% of the straw mulch without soil erosion, respectively, 48.66%, 52.55%, 54.54% and 53.37% respectively. Control effects of surface runoff, soil erosion and nutrient loss on sloping arable red soil were as follows: straw weave covering> film covering> no covering. Straw braid coverage in the concentration of rainfall during the control of soil erosion is more significant. Compared with the non-covered treatment, straw weave cover and film-covered corn increased 8.05% and 29.67% respectively.