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目的:分析沿海地区某医院高压氧科10年间(2009—2018年)门诊及住院患者主要病种构成及分布特征。方法:采用回顾性调查分析的方法，统计就诊患者病种情况；采用回归分析法对各主要病种的年度变化进行分析。结果:10年间共接诊患者22 934例，其中门诊19 915例，占86.84%；住院3 019例，占13.16%。门诊就诊前3位的病种为潜水加压锻炼、耳鸣/耳聋、一氧化碳中毒；住院患者前3位的病种为脑梗死、一氧化碳中毒、脑出血。住院患者一氧化碳中毒和潜水减压病的数量有下降趋势。结论:通过统计10年间病种构成，分析其变化趋势，可以指导医院更合理地配置医疗资源，为其他医院提供参考。“,”Objective:To analyze the type of diseases and their distribution among the outpatients and inpatients in the hyperbaric oxygenation (HBO) department of a hospital located in a coastal area of China in 10 years (2009-2018).Methods:Retrospective survey was adopted to record the disease type of the patients admitted to the HBO department, and regression analysis was used to analyze the annual changes of each major disease.Results:In the 10 years, a total of 22 934 patients were admitted to the HBO department; among them, 19 915 were outpatients, accounting for 86.84%, and 3 019 were inpatients, accounting for 13.16%. The top three diseases among the outpatients were diving compression exercise, tinnitus/deafness, and carbon monoxide poisoning, while the top three diseases among inpatients were cerebral infarction, carbon monoxide poisoning, and cerebral hemorrhage. The number of inpatients suffering from carbon monoxide poisoning and diving decompression sickness showed a downward trend.Conclusion:The analysis of the composition of diseases in the HBO department and the changing trend from 2009 to 2018 can provide a guidance on reasonably allocating medical resources for other hospitals.