论文部分内容阅读
关于私法判决的理论,存在形式与实质两种维度。处理形式问题的两种对立的修辞模式分别为规则控制与标准衡平,而对待实质问题也存在个人主义与利他主义两种相反的修辞模式。形式修辞中的规则控制模式主张适用形式化的一般规则,而标准衡平模式则支持适用标准作出特定判决。实质修辞中的个人主义主张追求私利的合法性,提倡自立、自治及自决;利他主义则要求牺牲、分享并充满仁慈,其目标为干涉、管制及家长主义,两者的冲突由战前的道德与政策的对抗,历经古典个人主义的自由意志时期,发展到现代矛盾性的并列。形式与实质两维度之间存在着内在的关联,两者都具有类似的道德、经济和政治的主张,规则立场与个人主义、标准取向与利他主义都存在着诸多的一致性,形式模式的选择仅仅是实质目的追求的手段,因此,必须把两者结合起来才能为私法判决确定一个合理的标准。
On the theory of private law judgment, there are two dimensions of form and substance. The two opposite rhetorical modes of dealing with the formal problems are the rule control and the standard balance respectively, while the substantive problems also have the opposite rhetorical modes of individualism and altruism. The rule-based mode of control in formal rhetoric advocates the application of the general rules of formality, while the standard-scale mode supports the application of standards to make specific judgments. Individualism in substantive rhetoric advocates the pursuit of the legitimacy of self-interest and advocates independence, self-determination and self-determination. Altruism calls for the sacrifice, sharing and full of benevolentism. Its objectives are interference, regulation and paternalism. The conflict between the two is from pre-war morality Confrontation with the policy, after the free will of classical individualism, developed into a parallel of modern contradictions. There is an inherent relationship between the two dimensions of substance and form. Both have similar moral, economic and political claims. There are many consistency between the rule position and individualism, the standard orientation and altruism, and the choice of formal model It is only a means pursued by the actual purpose, therefore, we must combine the two to establish a reasonable standard for the private law judgment.