随着艾滋病(AIDS)疫情的日趋严峻以及从高危人群到一般人群的扩散,医务人员与艾滋病患者的接触机会日益增加,职业暴露发生可能性越来越大。本文根据工作实际及文献查阅,简要综述了目前国内医务人员职业暴露的现状、发生的原因及防护措施,并提出了一些参考建议。目前AIDS职业暴露以医务人员为主,低年龄护理人员占主要比例;医务人员自我防护意识的淡薄可能是发生职业暴露的主要原因,建议医疗机构加强职业暴露的防护培训,提高医务人员防护意识;建立心理辅导机制,减轻医务人员职业暴露后的心理负担;制定相关法规条例,明确发生职业暴露后的救济补偿等。 With the increasingly serious AIDS epidemic and the spread from high-risk groups to the general population, there is an increasing chance of exposure of medical personnel and AIDS patients and occupational exposure is more and more likely to occur. This article based on the actual work and literature review, briefly reviewed the current status of occupational exposure of medical personnel in China, the causes and protective measures, and put forward some suggestions. At present, occupational exposure to AIDS is dominated by medical personnel, while low-age nursing staff is the major proportion. The weak sense of self-protection among medical staffs may be the main reason for occupational exposure. It is suggested that medical institutions should strengthen occupational exposure prevention training and raise awareness of medical staffs’ The establishment of psychological counseling mechanism to reduce the psychological burden of medical staff after occupational exposure; the development of relevant laws and regulations, clearly the occurrence of occupational exposure relief and so on.