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目的 评估某些野生或栽培植物与中草药提取物的杀螺效果 ,筛选植物源灭螺药。方法 样品的提取分别采用热水抽提、有机溶剂提取和水与有机溶剂混合相提取法。室内浸泡法进行提取物的杀螺效果初筛试验 ;菜籽饼提取物小规模现场试验采用浸泡法。结果 用浓度为 10 0 mg/L的源自油菜、知母、决明、鱼眼菊、土茯苓等 5种植物的提取物浸杀钉螺 48h(2 5℃ ) ,死亡率为 92 .8%-10 0 % ;土牛膝、川乌、醉鱼草、商陆等 40种植物的提取物 ,在浓度为 5 0 0 mg/L 或 10 0 0 mg/L、浸泡 48h(2 5℃ )条件下 ,钉螺死亡率为 5 0 % -10 0 % ;其余 47种植物的提取物在浓度为 5 0 0 mg/L 或10 0 0 mg/L、浸泡 48h(2 5℃ )条件下 ,钉螺死亡率均小于 49%。菜籽饼提取物粗品在浓度为 10 0 0mg/L下 ,小规模现场浸泡 2 4、48h和 72 h,钉螺死亡率分别为 18%、84%和 92 % ,同样试验条件下未出现试验鱼苗死亡。结论 获得了 5种具有较高杀螺效果的候选植物 ,其中菜籽饼可能成为一种有开发价值的植物源灭螺药资源
Objective To evaluate the snail killing effect of some wild or cultivated plants and Chinese herbal extracts, and to screen the plant-derived molluscides. Methods Samples were extracted using hot water extraction, organic solvent extraction and water and organic solvent mixed phase extraction method. Indoor immersion method for the first test of the snail killing effect of extracts; rapeseed cake extract small-scale field trials using immersion method. Results The snails were soaked 48h (25 ℃) with the extracts of Rape, Anemarrhena, Cassia toxera, Eichhornia crassipes and Smilax glabra at the concentration of 10 0 mg / L with the mortality of 92.8% The extracts of 40 species of Achyranthes bidentata, Radix Aconiti Chinensis, Buddleja rubra and Phytolacca acutifolia were cultured under the conditions of concentration of 500 mg / L or 100 mg / L and soaking for 48 h (25 ℃) , The mortality of Oncomelania snails was 50% -10 0%. The extracts of the remaining 47 species were killed at a concentration of 500 mg / L or 100 mg / L for 48h (25 ℃) Rate of less than 49%. The crude extracts of rapeseed cake had 18%, 84% and 92% mortality at a concentration of 10 0 mg / L for 2, 448, and 72 h on a small-scale on-site soak. The test fry did not appear under the same experimental conditions death. Conclusions Five candidate plants with higher molluscicidal effects were obtained, in which rapeseed cake may become a valuable source of plant-derived molluscides