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目的总结广西常见突发化学中毒事件现场防控应急救援措施所取得的成功经验,研制突发化学中毒事件现场防控应急救援技术方案。方法通过对近13年广西常见突发化学中毒事件回顾性调查,总结现场防控应急救援措施所取得的成功经验,现场防控应急救援措施技术方案,建立评价指标体系,研制突发化学中毒事件现场防控应急救援理论、措施、关键技术和技术方案等进行专题研究。结果(1)调查分析和掌握广西化学中毒流行病学分布规律和特点。(2)建立工作网络及构建应急管理体制。(3)总结和开展了一系列现场防控应急救援措施和技术方案,如①群体性毒鼠强中毒现场防控应急措施;②剧毒化学品流失的现场防控应急措施;③化学毒物污染水源突发事件现场防控的应急措施;④罕见突发化学毒物致群体中毒事件的现场防控应急救援措施;⑤群体性化妆品中毒事件应急控制措施。(4)针对化学中毒的现场防控进行实验室检测与毒理学的研究。(5)将广西公共卫生突发事件“三网”的成果应用于处理突发事件和强化现场防控措施。(6)制定15个应急技术预案,并广泛推广应用。结论通过研究,有效地提高广西常见突发化学中毒事件现场防控救援,控制中毒事态恶化,降低中毒患者病死率和伤残率。
OBJECTIVE To summarize the successful experience of prevention and control emergency measures at the scene of common chemical poisoning incidents in Guangxi and to develop a technical solution for on-site emergency prevention and control of chemical poisoning incidents. Methods A retrospective investigation was made on the common chemical poisoning incidents in Guangxi in recent 13 years. The successful experience of on-site emergency rescue and rescue measures and the technical solutions of on-site emergency rescue and rescue were summarized, and the evaluation index system was established. On-site emergency response prevention and control theory, measures, key technologies and technical programs for special studies. Results (1) To investigate and analyze epidemiological distribution and characteristics of chemical poisoning in Guangxi. (2) Establish a working network and build an emergency management system. (3) Summarized and carried out a series of on-site emergency rescue and prevention measures and technical solutions, such as: (1) field poisoning prevention and control measures for group tetramine poisoning; (2) on-site emergency prevention and control measures for the drastic loss of toxic chemicals; (3) Emergency measures for on-site prevention and control of water emergency; ④ on-site emergency prevention and control measures for group poisoning caused by rare chemical poisoning; and ⑤ emergency control measures for mass cosmetics poisoning incidents. (4) Conduct laboratory tests and toxicology studies on the spot prevention and control of chemical poisoning. (5) The results of the “Three Networks” of public health emergencies in Guangxi should be used to deal with emergencies and strengthen on-site prevention and control measures. (6) Develop 15 contingency plans and promote them widely. Conclusions Through research, we can effectively improve the prevention and control of common sudden chemical poisoning incidents in Guangxi, control the deterioration of poisoning situation and reduce the mortality and disability rate of poisoning patients.