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玉米南方锈病已成为近几年我国夏玉米生产区间歇性暴发流行的病害,对玉米生产构成严重威胁,病害流行年份可造成10%以上的产量损失。目前,已确认的抗病自交系非常有限,而抗病育种急需不同抗性控制背景的自交系。为发掘和丰富可利用的南方锈病抗源,于2008-2012年,在广西南宁采用田间人工接种方法对1589份玉米种质资源进行抗南方锈病鉴定。通过高病害压力和连续多年的鉴定,从1589份玉米种质中鉴定出高抗(HR)材料26份,占鉴定总数的1.64%;抗病(R)材料137份,占鉴定总数的8.62%;中抗(MR)水平的材料382份,占鉴定总数的24.04%;感病(S)材料489份,占鉴定总数的30.77%;高感(HS)材料555份,占鉴定总数的34.93%。总体上抗南方锈病种质较少,引进种质中抗病类型材料的比例略高。经重复鉴定,筛选出赤556等18份自交系、老来秕等3份地方品种、A69等4份来自津巴布韦的材料及引自CIMMYT的Dr11表现稳定高抗南方锈病,为今后我国玉米抗南方锈病育种提供了新的抗性资源。
Southern corn rust has become an epidemic of intermittent outbreaks of summer maize production in China in recent years, posing a serious threat to the production of corn. The year of disease epidemic can cause over 10% yield loss. At present, confirmed resistance inbred lines are very limited, and the resistance breeding in urgent need of different resistance control background inbred lines. In order to explore and enrich available sources of southern rust resistance, 1589 maize germplasms were identified for resistance to southern rust from 2008 to 2012 in field trials in Nanning, Guangxi. 26 strains of high resistance (HR) materials were identified from 1589 maize germplasms, accounting for 1.64% of the total number of identification; 137 resistant (R) materials, accounting for 8.62% of the total number of identification; ; 382 materials of medium resistance (MR) level accounted for 24.04% of the total number of identifications; 489 susceptible (S) materials accounted for 30.77% of the total number of identification; 555 high sensitivity (HS) materials accounted for 34.93% . In general, there is less resistance to southern rust germplasm, and the proportion of disease-resistant materials in germplasm is slightly higher. After repeated identification, we screened out 18 inbred lines such as red 556 and 3 local cultivars such as Laoliannao. Four materials from Zimbabwe such as A69 and Dr11 derived from CIMMYT showed stable and high resistance to southern rust, Southern rust breeding provides new resistance resources.