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一、拱坝的泄洪形式及特点根据目前各国拱坝的泄洪结构布置和水力工作条件,可将拱坝泄洪分为分离式、坝顶溢流式、深孔泄洪式、坝面溢流式、基坑式、虹吸式、滑雪道式、坝身挑流式、溢流板式及坝旁式等十种。现分述于后: (一)分离式是坝身和泄洪结构各自独立的布置形式,有地下隧洞和地面溢洪道二种。前者如卡布里尔(Cabril)坝,由和坝体分离的进口斜井和隧洞组成;有时斜井可由竖井代替,如吉布森(Gibson)坝;有时二者均无,如吐姆特(Tymyt)坝。
I. Forms and Features of Flood Drainage of Arch Dam According to the current flood discharge structure layout and hydraulic working conditions of arch dam in various countries, the flood discharge of arch dam can be divided into separate type, dam overflow type, deep-hole flood discharge type, overflow dam type, Foundation pit type, siphon type, piste type, dam body type, overflow plate type and dam type ten kinds. Are now described later: (a) separation is the dam body and flood discharge structure of the independent layout, there are two kinds of underground tunnels and ground spillway. The former, such as the Cabril dam, consists of an inlet deviated well and a tunnel separate from the dam; sometimes the deviated shaft can be replaced by a shaft, such as the Gibson dam; sometimes neither, such as the Tymyt )dam.