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目的了解目前宁波市江北区0~2岁儿童营养性疾病的分布情况。方法采用普查方法,以2015年度(2014年10月1日至2015年9月30日)在宁波市江北区儿童保健门诊体检的所有0~2岁儿童作为调查对象,总结营养性疾病情况。结果本次体检共调查儿童14 392例,缺铁性贫血976例(6.78%);其中轻度贫血961例,患病率为6.68%;中度贫血15例,患病率为0.10%;重度贫血未检出。营养不良636例(4.41%),其中体质量低下47例,患病率为0.33%;生长迟缓228例,患病率为1.58%;消瘦361例,患病率2.50%。肥胖239例(1.66%)。不同年龄儿童在缺铁性贫血、营养不良和肥胖的检出率差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。不同性别儿童在缺铁性贫血、营养不良和肥胖的检出率差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。本次监测的3种营养性疾病中,在不同年龄组均有发病,经过积极治疗不同年龄组均有治愈,不同年龄组治愈好转差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论应大力推广婴儿缺铁性贫血防治指南,加强对早期婴儿的常规补铁,降低缺铁性贫血的发病率,并将预防和控制肥胖及营养不良纳入儿童保健的重点工作中。
Objective To understand the distribution of nutritional diseases in children aged 0 ~ 2 years in Jiangbei District of Ningbo City. Methods A total of 0 to 2 years old children aged from 0 to 2 years old who were examined at Children’s Health Outpatient Service in Jiangbei District of Ningbo City from 2015 (from October 1, 2014 to September 30, 2015) were surveyed by means of census. The nutritional diseases were summarized. Results A total of 14 392 children were enrolled in the examination, 976 (6.78%) were with iron deficiency anemia, among which 961 were mild anemia with a prevalence of 6.68%, 15 were moderate anemia with a prevalence of 0.10% Anemia was not detected. Malnutrition, 636 cases (4.41%), of which 47 cases of low body mass, the prevalence was 0.33%; growth retardation 228 cases, the prevalence was 1.58%; 361 cases of weight loss, the prevalence of 2.50%. 239 cases of obesity (1.66%). The detection rate of iron deficiency anemia, malnutrition and obesity among children of different ages had statistical significance (all P <0.05). There was no significant difference in the detection rate of iron deficiency anemia, malnutrition and obesity among children of different genders (all P> 0.05). Among the three nutritional diseases monitored in this survey, all of them have morbidity in different age groups and are cured in all age groups after aggressive treatment. There was no significant difference in improvement among different age groups (P> 0.05). Conclusion Guidelines for the prevention and treatment of iron deficiency anemia in infants should be greatly promoted, routine iron supplementation should be strengthened in early infants, the incidence of iron deficiency anemia should be reduced, and prevention and control of obesity and malnutrition should be included in the key tasks of child health care.