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[目的]研究灌溉量和灌溉期对宽幅精播冬小麦的影响,为华北地区节水农业的发展提供理论依据和技术支持。[方法]2013~2015年通过田间试验,以高产中筋冬小麦品种济麦22为材料,设宽幅精播和常规种植两种种植方式,研究了不同灌溉量和灌溉时期对宽幅精播冬小麦耗水特性及产量的影响。[结果]随灌水量的增加,农田总耗水量和灌水量占总耗水量的比例也增加,而土壤贮水消耗量及其占总耗水量的比例显著降低;随灌水量的增加,不同种植方式下小麦籽粒产量均有所提高,而水分利用效率(WUE)降低。同一灌溉条件下,与常规种植方式相比,宽幅精播方式的农田总耗水量多,土壤贮水量消耗比例大,籽粒产量较高并具有较高的WUE。[结论]该试验条件下,综合考虑小麦的籽粒产量和WUE,宽幅精播结合灌拔节水+开花水是华北平原冬麦区较适宜的节水种植方式,值得在生产中推广应用。
[Objective] The research aimed to study the effects of irrigation amount and irrigation period on broad-sowing winter wheat and provide theoretical basis and technical support for the development of water-saving agriculture in North China. [Method] From 2013 to 2015, two winter wheat cultivar Jimai 22 with high yielding middling were used to study the effects of different irrigation amount and irrigation period on the winter wheat consumption Water characteristics and yield impact. [Result] With the increase of irrigation amount, the ratio of total water consumption and irrigation water amount to total water consumption also increased while the proportion of soil water storage consumption and its total water consumption decreased significantly. With the increase of irrigation amount, different planting The grain yield of wheat increased while the water use efficiency (WUE) decreased. Under the same irrigation condition, compared with the conventional planting methods, the broad-grain precision sowing method had more total farmland water consumption, larger soil water storage capacity, higher grain yield and higher WUE. [Conclusion] Under the experimental conditions, considering the grain yield and WUE of wheat, the combination of wide precision sowing and irrigation and flowering was the more suitable water-saving planter in the winter wheat region of North China Plain, which is worth popularizing and applying in production.