本文从现代化历史语境中启蒙内在的价值冲突，探讨五四新文化运动的固有思想矛盾以及启蒙嬗变的内在思想原因。作者认为，五四新文化运动是一场未完成的现代性启蒙。它奠定了中国文化转型的现代方向，但却徘徊于文化与政治、中国与西方、传统与现代之间，而未能完成现代性的价值整合。启蒙的仿徨与蜕变，固然有其外在原因，如民族危机亟迫的严峻历史环境，欧战凸显的西方文明的危机，苏俄的崛起所导引的社会主义风潮等等。然而，启蒙思潮内部之历史理性与价值理性的歧异，则是其更为深刻的内在原因。 This essay enlightens the intrinsic value conflicts from the context of the modern history and probes into the inherent ideological contradictions of the May Fourth New Culture Movement and the underlying ideological reasons for the evolution of enlightenment. The author believes that the May Fourth New Culture Movement is an unfinished enlightenment of modernity. It laid the modern direction of Chinese cultural transformation, but it was hovering between culture and politics, China and the West, between tradition and modernity, and failed to complete the value integration of modernity. The enigmatic imitation and transformation have their external causes, such as the harsh historical environment urgently required by the national crisis, the crisis of Western civilization highlighted by the European war, the socialist trend led by the rise of Soviet Russia, and so on. However, the differences between the historical rationality and the value rationality within the enlightenment trend are the deeper intrinsic causes.