论文部分内容阅读
儿童的生存、保护和发展是提高人口素质的基础,我国政府制定了《九十年代中国儿童发展规划纲要》,充分体现了党和国家对下一代的关怀和爱护.然而,当前的状况离开纲要规定的主要目标还有一定的距离.从比较能反映一个国家卫生水平的婴儿死亡率和五岁以下儿童死亡率来看,在1989年时,我国分别为34.7‰.和43.0‰.,而最先进的日本分别为4‰.和6‰.要把这两个死亡率于2000年前降低三分之一(与1990年相比),首先,必须做好计划免疫等预防工作,防止病死率较高的疾病如麻疹、百日咳、结核、破伤风、脊髓灰白质炎、脑炎脑膜炎、败血症和新生儿窒息等疾病的流行和发生;同时还应加强卫生宣教,预防中毒和意外事故发生;并对重病儿童做到及时抢救,以降低病死率.营养不良不仅影响生长发育,同时机体免疫力也随之降低.因此,指导儿童科学地营养供给,增强其体质,是降低病死率的“基础工程”.
The survival, protection and development of children are the basis for improving the quality of the population. Our government has formulated the “Outline for the Plan for the Development of Children in China in the 1990s”, which fully reflects the care and love for the next generation from the party and the state. However, the current situation has left the outline In terms of the infant mortality rate and the mortality rate of children under five years old, which reflect the health level of a country, in 1989, our country was 34.7 ‰ and 43.0 ‰, respectively, while the most significant The advanced Japan is 4 ‰ and 6 ‰, respectively. To reduce these two death rates by one-third by 2000 (compared with 1990), first of all, prevention work such as planned immunization must be done to prevent mortality Prevalence and incidence of diseases such as measles, whooping cough, tuberculosis, tetanus, poliomyelitis meningitis, meningitis of the encephalitis, septicemia and neonatal asphyxia should also be strengthened; health education should be stepped up to prevent poisoning and accidents; And timely treatment of severely ill children in order to reduce fatality rate.Nutrition not only affects growth and development, while the immune system also will be reduced.Therefore, guiding children to provide scientific nutrition, enhance their physique, Is to reduce mortality “basic project.”