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先秦思想家从以道观之、以人观之和以类观之三个认知向度建构了独具华夏文明特色的海洋观。以道观之揭示了海洋作为具体存在体现了某种世界原理,从形而上的层面回答了海洋“是什么”;以人观之是在价值层面探讨了海洋对人“意味着什么”;以类观之通过想象和联想的方式把海洋与人加以类比,探讨了海洋给予人在德性培养和政道方面的实践指导意义。能知层面的以人观之与所知层面的以道观之、以类观之彼此之间体现了事实认知与价值评价相互交错的关系。相比古希腊时期的海洋观,先秦的海洋观由于缺乏人与自然对立的认知向度,无法对海洋作更多的普遍知识的探究,所获海洋知识缺乏科学性和精确性,把海与人进行简单的比附弱化了对海洋本身的认知。
The pre-Qin thinkers have constructed the ocean view unique to the Chinese traditional culture from the three cognitive perspectives of Taoism, humanity and class. It reveals that the ocean as a concrete existence reflects some kind of world principle, and answers the “what is the sea” from the metaphysical level; and from the perspective of people, it discusses the meaning of the ocean to people " ; Classifying the sea and people by means of imagination and association in the view of class and discussing the practical guidance given by the ocean to people in virtue cultivation and politics. Can know the level of people’s view of the known level with the Taoist view, the class of view of each other reflects the fact that the value of the cognitive and interdependence between the evaluation. Compared with the view of the oceans in ancient Greece, the ocean view of the pre-Qin period lacked the cognitive orientation of confrontation between man and nature and could not make more general knowledge of the oceans. The acquired knowledge of the oceans lacks science and precision. A simple comparison with people weakens the perception of the ocean itself.