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补偿标准是退耕还林生态补偿的核心与难点,为探讨黄土高原退耕林地合适的补偿标准,论文基于清洁发展机制的国际背景,通过理论分析、实地测量与室内实验,把碳汇价值与退耕农户的机会成本相结合,构建了禁伐政策下退耕林地补偿标准的动态模型;并选取黄土高原退耕的代表流域——县南沟进行实证分析,依据退耕刺槐(Robinia pseudoacacia)林特性确定退耕的一个补偿周期为37 a,退耕地补偿过程与补偿标准分为两个阶段:退耕1~17 a,通过机会成本的计算,补偿的可执行标准为1 997.26元/(hm2·a);退耕18~37 a,通过碳汇模型进行测算,补偿的可执行标准为3 692.35元/(hm2·a)。人工刺槐纯林在补偿周期之后会逐渐出现灌木层和衰败现象,因此,这一补偿期结束后,应根据林地生态群落的变化再行核算并完善其补偿标准。将碳汇价值纳入补偿体系,能促使农民为提高碳汇产量自觉增强林地管护,巩固退耕成果。
The compensation standard is the core and difficult point of the ecological compensation for the conversion of cropland to forestland. In order to discuss the suitable compensation standard of the forestland for returning farmland to forestry on the Loess Plateau, the paper, based on the international background of CDM, , A dynamic model of compensation rates for conversion of cultivated land to forestry under the policy of no-logging cutover was constructed. Based on the empirical analysis of Xiannonggou, a typical catchment of returning farmland to the Loess Plateau, a regression model was established based on Robinia pseudoacacia forest characteristics The compensation period is 37 years. The compensation process and compensation rates for returning farmland to cultivated land are divided into two phases: 1 ~ 17 years after returning farmland to farmland, and the executable standard for compensation is 1 997.26 yuan / (hm2 · a) 37 a, calculated through the carbon sink model, the enforceable standard of compensation is 3 692.35 yuan / (hm2 · a). Artificial Locust pure forests will gradually appear shrub layer and decay after the compensation cycle. Therefore, after the compensation period ends, the compensation standard should be re-calculated and perfected according to the changes of the ecological community of forest land. The inclusion of the value of carbon sinks in the compensation system can encourage farmers to consciously enhance the management and protection of forest land for carbon sequestration and consolidate the achievements in returning farmland.