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目的了解中国北方城市哈尔滨居民饮食习惯和膳食模式与高血压患病关系。方法采用多阶段分层随机整群抽样方法共抽取哈尔滨市42个社区,使用食物频率表对12 865名20~74岁常住居民进行膳食调查,有效调查8 591人,使用因子分析方法建立膳食模式,应用logistic回归模型分析不同膳食模式与高血压的关系。结果 8 591名居民中,高血压患者3 386例,总患病率为39.4%,其中男性患病率为47.4%(1 447/3 051),女性为35.0%(1 939/5 540);因子分析得到5种膳食模式、即主食模式、植物食物模式、均衡膳食模式、豆类食物模式、动物食物模式;经logistic回归分析,均衡膳食模式为高血压患病的保护因素(OR=0.86,95%CI=0.81~0.92,P<0.000 1),能降低高血压患病风险;对年龄、性别、教育、BM I、吸烟、饮酒、运动、高血压家族史和总能量摄入进行校正,高盐摄入组患病风险为低盐摄入组的1.62倍(OR=1.62,95%CI=1.29~2.04,P<0.000 1);食用油摄入油腻组高血压的患病风险为清淡组的1.10倍(OR=1.10,95%CI=1.01~1.43,P=0.004)。结论高盐和油腻的饮食习惯,以及不均衡的膳食模式能增加我国北方居民高血压患病风险,应该调整膳食结构和饮食习惯,预防和控制高血压的发生。
Objective To understand the relationship between dietary patterns and hypertension among residents in Harbin, northern China. METHODS: A total of 42 communities in Harbin were sampled using a multi-stage stratified random cluster sampling method. Dietary frequency tables were used to survey 12 865 residents aged 20-74 years, 8 591 residents were surveyed effectively, and dietary patterns Logistic regression model was used to analyze the relationship between different dietary patterns and hypertension. Results Among 8 591 inhabitants, 3 386 were hypertensive patients with a total prevalence of 39.4%. Among them, the prevalence rate was 47.4% (1447/3 051) in males and 35.0% (1939/5 540) in females. Five dietary patterns were obtained by factor analysis, namely staple food pattern, plant food pattern, balanced diet pattern, legume pattern and animal food pattern. By logistic regression analysis, the balanced diet pattern was the protective factor of hypertension (OR = 0.86, 95% CI = 0.81-0.92, P <0.0001), which could reduce the risk of hypertension; to correct for age, gender, education, BM I, smoking, drinking, exercise, family history of hypertension and total energy intake, The risk of high salt intake group was 1.62 times lower than that of low salt intake group (OR = 1.62, 95% CI = 1.29-2.04, P <0.0001); the risk of edible oil oily intake was light 1.10-fold (OR = 1.10, 95% CI = 1.01-1.43, P = 0.004) of the group. Conclusion High-salt and greasy diet and unbalanced dietary patterns can increase the risk of hypertension in residents of northern China. The dietary structure and dietary habits should be adjusted to prevent and control the occurrence of hypertension.