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宫颈癌是目前最常见的女性生殖系统恶性肿瘤之一,主要以实施手术、放射治疗和化学药物治疗为主。表皮生长因子受体(epidermal growth factor receptor,简称为EGFR)作为肿瘤治疗的靶点,也受到了广泛关注。研究表明:在宫颈癌组织中EGFR存在着高表达现象,而EGFR基因突变与它的高度表达现象存在必然的联系;EGFR的突变与宫颈癌关系甚为密切,其突变位点主要集中在第18-21外显子上。在肿瘤治疗中针对EGFR功能结合域研究开发的靶向药物即酪氨酸激酶抑制剂(tyrosine kinase inhibitor,简称TKI)也已经上市,在临床应用中也越来越重要。这些靶向药物通过抑制EGFR的活性从而达到抑制其磷酸化和信号传导途径,起到抗肿瘤的作用,这同时也能增加放化疗的抗肿瘤疗效。阐述EGFR基因突变情况,为宫颈癌靶向药物的治疗提供一定的指导。
Cervical cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors of the female reproductive system, mainly in the implementation of surgery, radiation therapy and chemical therapy. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), as the target of tumor therapy, has also received extensive attention. Studies have shown that there is a high expression of EGFR in cervical cancer tissues, and EGFR mutations have a certain relationship with its high expression. The relationship between EGFR mutations and cervical cancer is very close. The mutations mainly focus on the 18th -21 exon. Targeted drugs, such as tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), which have been developed for the study of EGFR functional binding domains in cancer therapy, are also available now and are becoming more and more important in clinical application. These targeted drugs can inhibit the activity of EGFR so as to inhibit its phosphorylation and signal transduction pathways and play anti-tumor effect, which can also enhance the anti-tumor effect of chemoradiotherapy. Explain the EGFR gene mutations, and provide some guidance for the treatment of cervical cancer targeted drugs.