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目的比较湖北省不同血吸虫病流行疫情控制区初中生血吸虫病相关危险行为状况,为有针对性地制定血吸虫病健康教育策略提供依据。方法将湖北省血吸虫疫区分为传播控制区和疫情控制区,随机整群抽取3 204名初中生进行问卷调查。结果疫情控制区初中生在近3,6,12个月中,接触明确有钉螺水体的行为发生率分别为10.5%,21.9%和13.4%,均较传播控制区(12.6%,25.1%和16.7%)低;接触不明确有钉螺水体的行为发生率分别为21.9%,16.0%和26.3%,均低于传播控制区(26.4%,19.6%和30.5%);除近3个月接触有明确钉螺的水体行为外,其余各项差异均有统计学意义(χ2值分别为8.67,6.78,6.68,4.52,6.78,P值均<0.05)。不同流行区学生接触疫水的方式均以洗手洗脚、戏水和洗东西为主,疫情控制区学生在家附近和在学校附近以不同接触方式接触疫水的比例均比传播控制区学生低。近1 a内,在接触疫水的学生中,传播控制区和疫情控制区分别有22.1%和25.4%的学生在接触水体时能意识到可能感染血吸虫病的危险;分别有33.3%和34.7%的学生报告采取了防护措施,但差异均无统计学意义(χ2值分别为2.07,0.26,P值均>0.05)。结论不同流行区初中生血吸虫病危险行为发生存在差异,应采取不同的健康教育方式。
Objective To compare the risk behaviors of schistosomiasis among junior high school students in different endemic areas of schistosomiasis in Hubei Province, and to provide basis for targeted health education strategy of schistosomiasis. Methods The schistosomiasis in Hubei Province was divided into transmission control area and epidemic control area. Randomly sampled 3 204 junior high school students were selected for questionnaire survey. Results The prevalences of exposure to snail water were 10.5%, 21.9% and 13.4%, respectively, in junior high school students in the control areas of the outbreak in the recent 3, 6 and 12 months, which were significantly lower than those in control areas (12.6%, 25.1% and 16.7 %). The incidences of contact with unidentified snail bodies were 21.9%, 16.0% and 26.3%, respectively, which were lower than that of the control areas (26.4%, 19.6% and 30.5%). Snail water body behavior, the rest of the differences were statistically significant (χ2 values were 8.67,6.78,6.68,4.52,6.78, P values were <0.05). In different endemic areas, students exposed to polluted water were mainly washed their hands and feet in the water, wash water and wash things. The proportion of students exposed to polluted water in different epidemic areas around the home and near the school by different ways of exposure was lower than that of students in the control area. In the past 1 years, 22.1% and 25.4% of students in contact with epidemic-controlled areas were aware of the possible risk of schistosomiasis when exposed to water; 33.3% and 34.7% Of students reported protective measures, but the differences were not statistically significant (χ2 values were 2.07,0.26, P values were> 0.05). Conclusion There are differences in the risk behaviors of schistosomiasis among junior middle school students in different endemic areas. Different health education methods should be taken.