跨断层地形变观测对于寻找强震前兆异常、分析孕震机理、研究区域地球动力学等具有重要的科学意义。本文在分析传统短水准、短基线跨断层地形变观测技术的发展和主要不足的同时,比较详细地介绍了我国自行研制的MD数字化跨断层地形变自动观测仪器的应用,以及EDM全自动激光测距、GPS、D-InSAR等几种国际上最新的跨断层地形变观测技术。文中还从监测能力、观测精度、信息特征等角度,对这几种主要的跨断层地形变观测技术进行了较为全面的总结和讨论。 Cross-fault topography observation is of great scientific significance for finding precursory anomalies of strong earthquakes, analyzing seismogenic mechanism and studying regional geodynamics. In this paper, while analyzing the development and main shortcomings of the traditional short-leveling and short-baseline cross-fault deformation monitoring technology, this paper introduces the application of the MD digitalized cross-terrain deformation automatic observation instrument developed by our country in detail and the EDM automatic laser measurement Distance, GPS, D-InSAR and several other international latest cross-fault deformation monitoring technology. In this paper, we also summarize and discuss the main techniques of cross-fault deformation monitoring from the aspects of monitoring ability, observation accuracy and information characteristics.