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目的探讨营养和膳食因素对儿童注意力缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)的影响。方法通过横断面调查,整群随机抽样选取上海、昆山和无锡幼儿园3~7岁儿童417名,男女各半,通过Conners父母用症状问卷调查,计算多动指数及注意力缺陷多动障碍患病率,应用膳食频率调查问卷调查半年内各类食物摄入量,采用偏相关和线性回归方法分析营养、膳食因素对儿童注意力缺陷多动障碍的影响。结果 417名儿童ADHD的患病率为3.2%,性别、地区间差异均无统计学意义。对膳食种类的偏相关分析发现:肉类加工品和咸味零食的摄入量与多动指数之间呈正相关(P<0.05),蔬菜、杂粮、水产品、牛羊肉和牛奶等摄入量与多动指数呈负相关(P<0.05)。对营养素的回归分析发现:钙与多动指数呈负相关(P<0.05)。结论儿童的营养和膳食为ADHD的环境影响因素。
Objective To investigate the effects of nutrition and dietary factors on children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Methods A total of 417 children aged 3 to 7 years old from kindergartens in Shanghai, Kunshan and Wuxi were selected by cluster analysis from a cross-sectional survey. The questionnaires were used to assess the prevalence of hyperactivity disorder and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder Rate, the application of dietary frequency questionnaire survey of various types of food intake within six months, using partial correlation and linear regression analysis of nutrition and dietary factors on children with attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder. Results The prevalence of ADHD in 417 children was 3.2%. There were no significant differences in sex and area between the two groups. Partial correlation analysis showed that there was a positive correlation between intake of processed meat products and salty snacks and hyperactivity index (P <0.05), intake of vegetables, grains, aquatic products, beef, mutton and milk And negatively correlated with hyperactivity index (P <0.05). Regression analysis of nutrients found that: calcium and hyperactivity index was negatively correlated (P <0.05). Conclusion Children’s nutrition and diet are the environmental factors of ADHD.