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有关性别和组织的社会学研究不断深化,组织背景和市场需求对女性参与非法组织的程度和性质都有形塑作用,但犯罪学家们对此问题的关注仍有不足。运用组织框架研究中国人向美国的偷渡活动,并通过采访129名偷渡组织者,可以发现市场的性别化视角有助于理解女性在偷渡组织中的地位和作用。偷渡活动具有以下特征:暴力活动十分有限(基本上不具有暴力特质)、人际关系极其重要(可以保障和促进偷渡活动)、女性的工作观念和照顾他人的特性、偷渡客对安全的考虑,这些因素结合在一起,使得女性在偷渡活动中的作用比在其他犯罪活动中的作用更加显著。组织和市场条件对于解释非法活动中的性别差异具有重大意义。
Sociological research on gender and organization has been deepening. Organizational background and market demand have shaped the extent and nature of women’s participation in illegal organizations. However, criminologists are still concerned about this issue. The use of an organizational framework to study Chinese smuggling activities into the United States and by interviewing 129 smugglers revealed that the gender perspective of the market helps to understand the status and role of women in smuggling organizations. The smuggling activities have the following characteristics: very limited violence (essentially non-violent traits), extremely important interpersonal relations (protection and promotion of smuggling activities), women’s work ethic and the care of others, safety considerations for smugglers Factors combine to make women’s role in smuggling activities more significant than in other criminal activities. Organizational and market conditions are of great importance for explaining gender differences in illicit activities.