以杭白菊为实验材料,设置不同的铵态氮和硝态氮比例,分析氮素形态及配比对杭白菊生长和品质的影响。结果表明:氮素形态及配比对杭白菊生长和品质有较大影响。叶绿素总量和净光合速率(P_n)均在NH_4~+-N/NO_3~--N为25:75时达到最大值;根、茎、叶、花蕾等不同部位中NR的活性均在NH_4~+-N/NO_3~--N为0:100时达到最大值;根和叶中硝态氮的含量在NH4_+~-N/NO_3~--N为50:50时达到最大值;随着硝态氮比例的增加,GS和GOGAT的活性均呈现下降的趋势,两者均在NH_4~+-N/N0_3~--N为100:0时达到最大值,铵态氮的含量则在NH_4~+-N/NO_3~--N为75:25时达到最大值;淀粉含量在NH_4~+-N/NO_3~--N为100:0时达到最大值,可溶性总糖在NH_4~+-N/NO_3~--N为25:75达到最大值;绿原酸,3,5-O-双咖啡酰基奎宁酸含量基本呈现先升高后降低的趋势,两者的含量在NH4_+~-N/NO_3~--N为25:75时达到最大值,质量分数分别为0.673%,1.838%;木犀草苷的含量则随着硝态氮比例的增加而增加,并在NH_4~+-N/NO_3~--N为0:100时达到最大值,质量分数0.108%;NH_4~+-N/NO_3~--N为25:75时产量达到最大值。结论:氮素形态及配比对杭白菊的光合作用、碳氮代谢、产量品质影响显著,NH_4~+-N/NO_3~--N为25:75时较利于杭白菊的生长及品质提升。 Chrysanthemum morifolium was used as experimental material to set up different proportions of ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen. The effects of nitrogen forms and proportions on the growth and quality of Chrysanthemum morifolium were analyzed. The results showed that the form and proportion of nitrogen had a great influence on the growth and quality of Chrysanthemum morifolium. The total amount of chlorophyll and net photosynthetic rate (P_n) reached the maximum when NH_4 ~ + -N / NO_3 ~ - N was 25:75. The activities of NR in different parts of roots, stems, leaves and buds were all in the range of NH_4 ~ + -N / NO_3 ~ - N reaches the maximum at 0: 100. The content of nitrate nitrogen in roots and leaves reaches the maximum at 50:50 NH4_ + -N / NO_3 ~ - N, The activities of GS and GOGAT all showed a decreasing trend with the increase of the ratio of nitrate to nitrate, both of which reached the maximum value when NH_4 ~ + -N / N0_3 ~ - N was 100: 0 and the content of ammonium nitrogen was in NH_4 ~ + -N / NO_3 ~ - N reached the maximum value at 75:25. The starch content reached the maximum value when NH_4 ~ + -N / NO_3 ~ - N was 100: 0, and the total soluble sugar content in NH_4 ~ + - The content of chlorogenic acid and 3,5-O-bis-caffeoylquinic acid tended to increase at first and then decrease. The contents of both of them were in the range of NH4 ~ + ~ N / NO_3 ~ - N reached the maximum value at 25:75 with the mass fraction of 0.673% and 1.838%, respectively. The content of luteolin increased with the increase of nitrate nitrogen content, When N / NO_3 ~ - N reaches 0: 100, the mass fraction reaches 0.108%. When NH_4 ~ + -N / NO_3 ~ - N reaches 25:75, the yield reaches the maximum. CONCLUSION: The effects of nitrogen forms and ratios on the photosynthesis, carbon and nitrogen metabolism, yield and quality of Chrysanthemum morifolium are significant. The growth and quality of Chrysanthemum morifolium are more favorable when NH_4 ~ + -N / NO_3 ~ - N is 25:75.