人工智能（artificial intelligence，AI）技术是一项由计算机科学、数学、哲学、心理学、控制论、决定论等多学科交叉融会而成的前沿技术，它的核心理念是基于机器学习、深度学习等计算机算法来研究人类大脑的智能，对人类的智力进行模拟、开发和延伸，最终实现计算机的自主智能活动。随着该项技术的不断发展，AI已逐步形成了以计算机视觉、语音识别、自然语言识别、决策规划以及大数据分析为主的几个宏观技术方向，并广泛应用到骨科领域中，改变了骨科疾病传统的诊疗思路。AI技术应用于骨科不但提高了骨科医生的工作效率、减轻了工作负荷，同时也为患者提供了安全有效的临床保障，给临床骨科疾病的诊断、治疗和康复带来巨大推进。经过文献检索筛查，本文选取了近几年来AI技术在骨科领域的最新研究成果，对其在急诊分诊、病情危重度评估、疾病诊断、高危人群风险预测及手术治疗中的应用现状展开综述，旨在介绍AI技术在骨科领域的最新进展，促进AI技术和骨科领域新的深度融合，并为AI技术在骨科领域的未来研究方向提供参考。“,”Artificial intelligence (AI) technology is a cutting-edge technology that combines computer science, mathematics, philosophy, psychology, cybernetics, determinism and other multiple disciplines. The core concept of AI is based on machine learning, deep learning and other computer algorithms to investigate the intelligence of human brain and to simulate or develop as well as extend human intelligence, finally realizing the autonomous intelligent activities of computers. With development of AI, it has gradually formed several macro-technical directions, including computer vision, speech recognition, natural language recognition, decision planning, and big data analysis. It further has been widely used in orthopaedics, ultimately changing the traditional diagnosis and interventions. AI has not only improved the work efficiency of orthopaedic physicians and reduced the workload, but also provided patients with more safer and effective clinical guarantee and brought great advancement in orthopaedic diagnosis, treatment and rehabilitation. With literature searching and screening, the present article selected the latest research results of AI in orthopaedics in recent years. Moreover, it summarized its application in emergency triage, critical illness assessment, disease diagnosis, high-risk groups prediction, and surgical treatment, aiming to introduce readers to the latest development of AI in orthopaedics. The review could promote the new in-depth integration of AI and orthopaedics and provide references for the future development of AI technology in orthopaedics field.