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新烟碱类是一类重要的新颖杀虫剂,其发现是近20年来杀虫剂研究的一个里程碑。烟碱类和新烟碱类杀虫剂虽然都是作为后突触烟碱乙酰胆碱受体(nAChRs)的激动剂作用于昆虫的神经系统,但由于作用方式不同,新烟碱类杀虫剂对昆虫表现出选择性毒性。根据烟碱类和新烟碱类杀虫剂结构与活性的关系、分子特性以及它们与nAChR的结合部位和亚部位的选择性阐释了新烟碱类杀虫剂选择作用的分子机理。
Neonicotinoids are an important class of novel insecticides and their discovery is a milestone in the research of pesticides in the past 20 years. Although both nicotine and neonicotinoid insecticides act on insect nervous systems as agonists of postsynaptic nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), neonicotinoid insecticides, due to their different modes of action, Insects show selective toxicity. Depending on the structure and activity of nicotine and neonicotinoid insecticides, the molecular properties and their selectivity for the binding sites and subunits of nAChR elucidate the molecular mechanism of neonicotinoid insecticide selection.