韦恩·布斯认为,杰出的文学作品本身即是对生活及其可能形态的隐喻,艺术作品隐喻地表达了艺术家对生活的理想与批判;有鉴于此,隐喻并非手段,它本身即是生活的一个主要目的,而分享隐喻乃成为必不可少的一种人类生活经验。《与往事干杯》的隐喻叙事,主要表现在两个层次,第一个层 Wayne Booth believes that an outstanding literary work is itself a metaphor of life and its possible forms. The work of art metaphorically expresses the artist’s ideal and critique of life. In view of this, metaphor is not a means but itself is life One of the main purposes of sharing the metaphor has become an indispensable human experience of life. The metaphorical narrative of “toast with the past” is mainly manifested in two levels and the first level